Ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv suab nrov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Tam sim no, muaj ntau hom khoom siv suab hauv kev lag luam nrog cov haujlwm sib txawv, uas ua rau muaj qee qhov nyuaj rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv suab. Qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, cov khoom siv suab nrov muaj xws li microphone + tov khoom + amplifier + speaker. Ntxiv nrog rau lub microphone, lub suab nrov qee zaum xav tau DVDs, khoos phis tawj los ua suab paj nruag, thiab lwm yam. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoos phis tawj nkaus xwb. Tab sis yog tias koj xav tau kev tshaj lij theem suab cuam tshuam, ntxiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm theem kev tsim kho, koj kuj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom siv suab xws li processors, lub zog sequencer, equalizers, thiab voltage limiters. Cia peb qhia dab tsi yog lub ntsiab kev tshaj lij theem suab khoom siv:

1. Kev sib xyaw console: lub suab sib xyaw ua ke nrog ntau lub channel inputs, lub suab ntawm txhua channel tuaj yeem ua tiav nyias, nrog rau sab laug thiab sab xis raws, sib tov, saib xyuas cov zis, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov suab engineers, suab kaw suab engineers thiab composers ua suab paj nruag thiab suab tsim.

2. Fais fab amplifier: Ib qho cuab yeej uas hloov cov suab hluav taws xob teeb liab mus rau hauv cov cim hluav taws xob ntsuas rau kev tsav cov neeg hais lus kom tsim suab. Qhov sib txuam ntawm lub hwj chim amplifier lub zog yog tias qhov tso zis impedance ntawm lub hwj chim amplifier yog sib npaug rau lub load impedance ntawm tus neeg hais lus, thiab cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub hwj chim amplifier phim lub hwj chim nominal ntawm tus neeg hais lus.

3. Reverberator: Nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm cov seev cev halls thiab loj-scale teeb pom kev zoo venues concerts, ib feem tseem ceeb heev yog lub reverberation ntawm tib neeg lub suab. Tom qab tib neeg hu nkauj tau ua tiav los ntawm reverberation, nws tuaj yeem tsim ib hom kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub suab hluav taws xob, uas ua rau lub suab hu nkauj tshwj xeeb. Nws tuaj yeem zais qee qhov tsis xws luag hauv lub suab ntawm cov neeg nyiam hu nkauj, xws li hoarseness, caj pas, thiab lub suab nrov nrov ntawm lub suab nrov los ntawm kev ua haujlwm reverberation, kom lub suab tsis zoo siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub suab reverberation kuj tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis muaj overtones hauv cov qauv ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj nyiam nyiam uas tsis tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov nyhuv ntawm theem teeb pom kev zoo nkauj concerts.

4. Frequency divider: Ib lub voj voog lossis khoom siv uas paub txog kev faib zaus yog hu ua zaus faib. Muaj ntau hom kev faib zaus. Raws li qhov sib txawv waveforms ntawm lawv cov zaus faib cov cim, muaj ob hom: sine zaus division thiab pulse zaus division. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog faib cov suab paj nruag tag nrho rau hauv ntau zaus sib txawv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov neeg hais lus sib xyaw, kom cov neeg hais lus tuaj yeem tau txais lub suab nrov ntawm cov zaus zaus thiab ua haujlwm hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

5. Pitch shifter: Raws li tib neeg muaj lub suab sib txawv, lawv muaj cov kev cai sib txawv rau lub suab ntawm cov suab paj nruag thaum hu nkauj. Qee tus neeg xav kom qis dua, thiab qee tus yuav tsum siab dua. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub suab ntawm lub suab paj nruag accompaniment yuav tsum tau yoog raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm tus singer, txwv tsis pub lub suab hu nkauj thiab accompaniment yuav hnov ​​heev inharmonious. Yog tias koj siv daim kab xev sib txuas, koj yuav tsum siv lub suab hloov pauv rau lub suab hloov.

6. Compressor: Nws yog lub npe sib sau ua ke ntawm compressor thiab limiter. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv lub hwj chim amplifier thiab hais lus (hais lus) thiab tsim cov suab nrov tshwj xeeb.

7. Tus Txheej Txheem: Muab cov teebmeem suab nrov, suav nrog reverberation, qeeb, ncha thiab suab khoom siv rau kev ua suab nrov tshwj xeeb.

8. Equalizer: Nws yog ib qho cuab yeej rau boosting thiab attenuating sib txawv frequencies thiab kho cov proportions ntawm ntses bass thaj tsam, nruab nrab, thiab treble.

9. Loudspeakers thiab hais lus: Loudspeakers yog cov khoom siv uas hloov cov teeb liab hluav taws xob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Raws li txoj cai, muaj hom hluav taws xob, hom electromagnetic, piezoelectric ceramic hom electrostatic hom thiab pneumatic hom.

Tus neeg hais lus, tseem hu ua lub thawv hais lus, yog ib qho khoom siv uas tso cov lus hais rau hauv lub txee. Nws tsis yog lub suab nrov, tab sis lub suab pab cuam uas qhia thiab txhawb cov ntses bass thaj tsam. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom: cov neeg hais lus kaw, cov neeg hais lus rov qab, thiab cov neeg hais lus labyrinth. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hais lus hauv theem yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

10. Microphone: Lub microphone yog ib qho hluav taws xob-acoustic transducer uas hloov suab rau hauv hluav taws xob teeb liab. Nws yog qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub suab system. Raws li nws cov directivity, nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua non-directivity (circular), directivity (cardioid, super-cardioid) thiab muaj zog directivity. Ntawm lawv, tsis yog kev coj ncaj qha tshwj xeeb rau kev khaws cov bands; kev taw qhia yog siv los khaws cov suab nrov xws li lub suab thiab hu nkauj; muaj zog directivity yog tshwj xeeb rau khaws lub suab ntawm ib tug tej yam azimuth qhov chaw, thiab sab laug thiab sab xis thiab qab lub suab yog cais los ntawm lub microphone pickup chaw, thiab tshwj xeeb siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib nrig sib cuam tshuam tshwm sim ntawm lub suab tsis, ib tug slender tubular microphone ua los ntawm sonic interference raj, cov neeg hu ua phom-hom microphone, siv nyob rau hauv kos duab theem thiab xov xwm kev sib tham. Raws li cov qauv thiab Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov paub qhov txawv dynamic microphone, Ribbon microphones, condenser microphones, siab cheeb tsam microphones-PZM, electret microphones, MS-style stereo microphones, reverberation microphones, suab-hloov microphones, thiab lwm yam.