Kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub suab kaw lus yog sib koom ua ke txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom siv suab nrov thiab cov theem tom ntej lub suab txhawb zog, uas muaj cov suab nrov, kev sib txuas, cov khoom siv peripheral, lub suab txhawb zog thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas.

1. Suab qhov system

Lub microphone yog thawj qhov txuas ntawm tag nrho lub suab txhawb zog los yog kaw qhov system, thiab nws qhov zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke. Microphones muab faib ua ob pawg: wired thiab wireless raws li daim ntawv ntawm cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob.

Wireless microphones yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau khaws cov suab nrov mobile. Txhawm rau pab txhawb nqa lub suab ntawm ntau lub sijhawm, txhua lub wireless microphone tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub microphone thiab Lavalier microphone. Txij li thaum lub studio muaj lub suab txhawb zog tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau zam kev tawm tswv yim acoustic, lub wireless handheld microphone yuav tsum siv lub cardioid unidirectional kaw-hais lus microphone rau khaws cov lus thiab hu nkauj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub wireless microphone system yuav tsum tau txais ntau hom kev txais technology, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov teeb liab uas tau txais, tab sis kuj pab tshem tawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov tuag thiab qhov muag tsis pom ntawm lub teeb liab tau txais.

Lub xov tooj microphone muaj ntau txoj haujlwm, ntau lub sijhawm, ntau qib microphone teeb tsa. Rau kev khaws cov lus lossis cov ntsiab lus hu nkauj, cardioid condenser microphones feem ntau yog siv, thiab wearable electret microphones kuj siv tau rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj suab nrov; microphone-hom super-directional condenser microphones tuaj yeem siv los khaws cov teebmeem ib puag ncig; percussion instruments feem ntau yog siv Low-rhiab heev tsiv coil microphones; high-end condenser microphones rau cov hlua, keyboards thiab lwm yam twj paj nruag; high-directivity close-talk microphones siv tau thaum ib puag ncig xav tau suab nrov; ib leeg-point gooseneck condenser microphones yuav tsum tau siv los txiav txim siab qhov yooj ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam loj.

Tus naj npawb thiab hom microphones tuaj yeem xaiv raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag ntawm qhov chaw.

2. Tuning system

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev sib txuas yog qhov sib tov, uas tuaj yeem ua kom nrov, txo qis, thiab ua kom lub zog hloov kho lub suab tawm suab ntawm cov qib sib txawv thiab impedance; siv qhov sib npaug sib npaug los ua haujlwm txhua zaus ntawm lub teeb liab; Tom qab kho qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txhua lub teeb liab channel, txhua lub channel raug faib thiab xa mus rau txhua qhov kawg tau txais; tswj lub suab txhawb zog lub suab thiab kaw cov teeb liab.

Muaj ob peb yam uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum siv lub tov khoom. Ua ntej, xaiv cov khoom siv nkag nrog ntau dua input chaw nres nkoj bearing muaj peev xwm thiab dav zaus teb kom ntau li ntau tau. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub microphone input lossis kab input. Txhua lub tswv yim muaj lub khawm tswj theem tas mus li thiab 48V phantom fais fab hloov. . Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov tswv yim ib feem ntawm txhua lub channel tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua cov tswv yim teeb liab theem ua ntej ua. Thib ob, vim muaj cov teeb meem ntawm kev tawm tswv yim tawm tswv yim thiab cov theem rov qab los saib xyuas hauv lub suab txhawb zog, Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dua, cov khoom tsim tawm thiab pab pawg tawm, qhov zoo dua, thiab kev tswj tau yooj yim. Thib peb, rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam, lub tov khoom tuaj yeem nruab nrog ob lub ntsiab thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob standby, thiab tuaj yeem hloov tau.Kho thiab tswj cov theem ntawm lub suab teeb liab), cov tswv yim thiab cov chaw nres nkoj zoo dua XLR qhov (sockets).

3. Cov khoom siv peripheral

On-site lub suab txhawb zog yuav tsum xyuas kom meej txaus lub suab siab theem yam tsis muaj kev tawm tswv yim acoustic, kom cov neeg hais lus thiab lub hwj chim amplifiers tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau tswj lub suab kom meej, tab sis kuj yuav ua rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub suab siv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nruab cov khoom siv ua suab nrov ntawm cov khoom sib tov thiab lub hwj chim amplifier, xws li cov sib npaug, cov lus tawm tswv yim, compressors, exciters, zaus dividers, Suab distributor.

Kev sib npaug sib npaug thiab cov lus tawm tswv yim yog siv los txo cov suab tawm tswv yim, ua rau lub suab tsis xws luag, thiab xyuas kom meej lub suab. Lub compressor yog siv los xyuas kom meej tias lub hwj chim amplifier yuav tsis ua rau overload los yog distortion thaum ntsib lub ncov loj ntawm cov teeb liab input, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub hwj chim amplifier thiab hais lus. Lub exciter yog siv los ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub suab, uas yog, txhawm rau txhim kho lub suab xim, nkag mus, thiab lub tso suab Sense, clarity thiab bass effect. Qhov sib faib zaus yog siv los xa cov teeb liab ntawm ntau zaus bands rau lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, thiab lub zog amplifiers nthuav tawm cov suab paj nruag thiab tso tawm rau cov neeg hais lus. Yog tias koj xav tsim cov txheej txheem kev ua yeeb yam hauv qib siab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv 3-ntu hluav taws xob crossover hauv kev tsim lub suab txhawb zog.

Muaj ntau yam teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub installation ntawm lub suab system. Kev txiav txim siab tsis raug ntawm txoj haujlwm sib txuas thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv peripheral ua rau cov khoom siv tsis txaus, thiab txawm tias cov khoom siv raug hlawv. Kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv peripheral feem ntau xav tau kev txiav txim: qhov sib npaug yog nyob tom qab lub tov khoom; thiab lub tswv yim suppressor yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso ua ntej lub equalizer. Yog hais tias lub tswv yim suppressor muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub equalizer, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau tag nrho tshem tawm cov acoustic tawm tswv yim, uas yog tsis conducive rau Feedback suppressor hloov; lub compressor yuav tsum tau muab tso rau tom qab lub equalizer thiab lub tswv yim suppressor, vim hais tias lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub compressor yog mus suppress ntau tshaj cov cim thiab tiv thaiv lub hwj chim amplifier thiab hais lus; lub exciter txuas rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hwj chim amplifier; Cov hluav taws xob crossover txuas nrog ua ntej lub hwj chim amplifier raws li xav tau.

Txhawm rau ua kom cov kev zov me nyuam tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, cov ntsuas compressor yuav tsum tau kho kom tsim nyog. Thaum lub compressor nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev compressed, nws yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub suab, yog li sim zam lub compressor nyob rau hauv lub compressed lub sij hawm ntev. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txuas lub compressor nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab expansion channel yog hais tias cov khoom siv peripheral qab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj lub teeb liab boost muaj nuj nqi kom ntau li ntau tau, txwv tsis pub lub compressor yuav tsis ua si ib tug tiv thaiv ntawm tag nrho cov. Qhov no yog vim li cas tus sib npaug yuav tsum nyob ua ntej lub tswv yim suppressor, thiab lub compressor nyob tom qab lub tswv yim suppressor.

Lub exciter siv tib neeg psychoacoustic phenomena los tsim high-frequency harmonic Cheebtsam raws li lub hauv paus zaus ntawm lub suab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsawg-frequency expansion muaj nuj nqi tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv qis qis thiab txhim kho lub suab ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, lub suab teeb liab tsim los ntawm exciter muaj ntau zaus band. Yog hais tias lub zaus band ntawm compressor yog dav heev, nws yog zoo kawg nkaus ua tau rau lub exciter txuas ua ntej lub compressor.

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib faib hluav taws xob txuas nrog rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub zog amplifier raws li xav tau los them nyiaj rau qhov tsis xws luag los ntawm ib puag ncig thiab cov lus teb zaus ntawm cov kev pab cuam suab sib txawv; qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov kev sib txuas thiab kev debugging yog teeb meem thiab yooj yim rau kev sib tsoo. Tam sim no, digital audio processors tau tshwm sim, uas ua ke nrog cov haujlwm saum toj no, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau ntse, yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua.

4. Lub suab txhawb zog

Lub suab txhawb zog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas tias nws yuav tsum ua tau raws li lub suab lub zog thiab lub suab sib luag; qhov raug tshem tawm ntawm cov neeg hais lus nyob tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov pom tseeb ntawm lub suab txhawb zog, txo lub suab tsis muaj zog thiab kev tawm tswv yim acoustic; tag nrho lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub suab txhawb zog yuav tsum tau tseg rau 30% -50% Ntawm lub zog cia; siv wireless saib xyuas lub mloog pob ntseg.

5. Kev sib txuas ntawm qhov system

Impedance txuam thiab qib sib txuam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej. Qhov sib npaug thiab qhov tsis sib npaug yog txheeb ze rau qhov siv tau. Tus nqi tiv thaiv (Impedance tus nqi) ntawm ob qhov kawg ntawm lub teeb liab mus rau hauv av yog sib npaug, thiab polarity yog qhov sib txawv, uas yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tswv yim lossis cov zis. Txij li thaum cov teeb liab cuam tshuam tau txais los ntawm ob qhov sib npaug terminals muaj qhov tseem ceeb tib yam nqi thiab tib lub polarity, cov teeb liab cuam tshuam tuaj yeem tshem tawm ib leeg tawm ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib npaug ntawm Circuit Court muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua qub thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Cov khoom siv suab nrov feem ntau txais kev sib raug zoo sib xws.

Kev sib txuas ntawm tus neeg hais lus yuav tsum siv ntau cov kab lus luv luv los txo cov kab tsis kam. Vim hais tias cov kab tsis kam thiab cov zis tsis kam ntawm lub zog amplifier yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov tsawg zaus Q tus nqi ntawm tus neeg hais lus, cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj zaus yuav phem dua, thiab cov kab sib kis yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm xa cov suab paj nruag. Vim yog qhov sib faib capacitance thiab faib inductance ntawm cov kab sib kis, ob qho tib si muaj qee yam zaus. Txij li thaum lub teeb liab yog tsim los ntawm ntau zaus, thaum ib pab pawg ntawm cov suab paj nruag tsim los ntawm ntau zaus dhau los ntawm cov kab sib kis, qhov kev ncua sij hawm thiab attenuation tshwm sim los ntawm cov zaus sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, uas ua rau hu ua amplitude distortion thiab theem distortion. Feem ntau hais lus, distortion ib txwm muaj. Raws li qhov theoretical mob ntawm cov kab sib kis, qhov tsis zoo ntawm R = G = 0 yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev poob qis, cov xwm txheej rau cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob tsis muaj distortion yog L / R = C / G, thiab cov kab sib txuas tiag tiag yog ib txwm L / R

6. System debugging

Ua ntej kev hloov kho, ua ntej teeb tsa lub kaw lus nkhaus kom lub teeb liab theem ntawm txhua theem nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab yuav tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob vim muaj cov teeb liab siab dhau, lossis qis dhau lub teeb liab theem ua rau lub teeb liab-rau-suab sib piv tsis zoo, thaum teeb tsa qhov system nkhaus, theem nkhaus ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tom qab teeb tsa theem, qhov system zaus tus yam ntxwv tuaj yeem raug debugged.

Niaj hnub nimno cov khoom siv hluav taws xob-acoustic nrog cov khoom zoo dua feem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau ntawm 20Hz-20KHz. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntau theem kev sib txuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg hais lus, lawv yuav tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Txoj kev kho kom raug ntau dua yog xim liab suab nrov-spectrum analyzer txoj kev. Cov txheej txheem hloov kho ntawm txoj kev no yog txhawm rau tso lub suab paj nruag rau hauv lub suab, rov ua dua los ntawm tus neeg hais lus, thiab siv lub microphone sim los khaws lub suab ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws mloog hauv chav. Lub microphone kuaj tau txuas nrog lub spectrum analyzer, spectrum analyzer tuaj yeem tso saib qhov amplitude-frequency yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev suab system, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tib zoo kho qhov sib npaug raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas spectrum kom tag nrho cov amplitude-frequency yam ntxwv tiaj tus. Tom qab hloov kho, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas cov waveforms ntawm txhua qib nrog oscilloscope kom pom tias qee qib muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv loj ntawm qhov sib npaug.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov system yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau: lub hwj chim mov voltage yuav tsum ruaj khov; lub plhaub ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej yuav tsum tau zoo hauv av los tiv thaiv hum; teeb liab input thiab tso zis yuav tsum sib npaug; tiv thaiv xoob xaim thiab tsis sib xws welding.