Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub suab yog txiav txim siab ua ke los ntawm cov khoom siv suab thiab theem tom ntej ntawm kev txhawb nqa suab, uas muaj cov khoom siv suab, kev kho kom zoo, cov khoom siv peripheral, kev txhawb nqa suab thiab cov khoom siv txuas.

1. Lub kaw lus suab

Lub microphone yog thawj qhov txuas ntawm tag nrho lub suab txhawb nqa lossis lub kaw lus kaw suab, thiab nws qhov zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm tag nrho lub kaw lus. Cov microphones raug muab faib ua ob pawg: wired thiab wireless raws li daim ntawv ntawm kev xa xov.

Cov microphones wireless yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev khaws cov suab nrov ntawm tes. Yuav kom yooj yim rau kev khaws suab ntawm ntau lub sijhawm, txhua lub microphone wireless tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub microphone tes thiab lub microphone Lavalier. Vim tias lub studio muaj lub kaw lus txhawb nqa suab tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev tawm tswv yim acoustic, lub microphone tes wireless yuav tsum siv lub microphone cardioid unidirectional close-talking rau kev khaws cov lus hais thiab hu nkauj. Tib lub sijhawm, lub microphone wireless yuav tsum siv cov thev naus laus zis txais ntau haiv neeg, uas tsis tsuas yog txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub teeb liab tau txais, tab sis kuj pab tshem tawm lub kaum sab xis tuag thiab thaj chaw dig muag ntawm lub teeb liab tau txais.

Lub microphone uas siv xov hlau muaj ntau yam haujlwm, ntau lub sijhawm, thiab ntau qib microphone configuration. Rau kev khaws cov lus lossis cov ntsiab lus hu nkauj, feem ntau siv cov microphones condenser cardioid, thiab cov microphones electret hnav tau kuj siv tau rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cov suab nrov ruaj khov; cov microphones condenser super-directional microphone siv tau los khaws cov teebmeem ib puag ncig; feem ntau siv cov twj paj nruag percussion; Cov microphones txav mus los tsis tshua muaj zog; cov microphones condenser high-end rau cov hlua, keyboards thiab lwm yam twj paj nruag; cov microphones kaw-taw qhia siab siv tau thaum qhov xav tau suab nrov ib puag ncig siab; yuav tsum siv cov microphones condenser ib-point gooseneck xav txog qhov yooj ywm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam loj.

Tus lej thiab hom microphones tuaj yeem xaiv tau raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag ntawm qhov chaw.

2. Kev kho qhov system

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus tuning yog lub mixer, uas tuaj yeem ua kom nrov dua, txo qis, thiab kho cov teeb liab suab ntawm ntau qib thiab impedance; siv lub equalizer txuas nrog los ua txhua qhov zaus ntawm lub teeb liab; Tom qab kho qhov sib xyaw ntawm txhua lub teeb liab channel, txhua lub channel raug faib thiab xa mus rau txhua qhov kawg tau txais; tswj lub suab txhawb nqa lub teeb liab thiab cov teeb liab kaw.

Muaj ob peb yam uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai thaum siv lub mixer. Ua ntej, xaiv cov khoom siv input uas muaj peev xwm loj dua qhov chaw nres nkoj input thiab teb tau ntau zaus ntau li ntau tau. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov microphone input lossis kab input. Txhua qhov input muaj lub khawm tswj qib tas mus li thiab 48V phantom power switch. . Ua li no, qhov input ntawm txhua channel tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov input signal ua ntej ua tiav. Qhov thib ob, vim muaj teeb meem ntawm kev tawm tswv yim thiab kev saib xyuas theem rov qab hauv kev txhawb nqa suab, Qhov sib npaug ntau dua ntawm cov khoom siv input, cov zis pab thiab cov zis pab pawg, qhov zoo dua, thiab kev tswj hwm yooj yim. Qhov thib peb, rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov program, lub mixer tuaj yeem nruab nrog ob lub zog tseem ceeb thiab standby, thiab tuaj yeem hloov tau. Kho thiab tswj lub sijhawm ntawm lub suab teeb liab), qhov input thiab output ports yog qhov zoo dua XLR sockets.

3. Cov khoom siv sab nraud

Kev txhawb zog suab hauv qhov chaw yuav tsum ua kom muaj lub suab nrov txaus yam tsis muaj kev tawm tswv yim acoustic, yog li cov neeg hais lus thiab lub zog amplifiers raug tiv thaiv. Tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau kom tswj tau qhov meej ntawm lub suab, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tsum ua kom tiav qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub suab nrov, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nruab cov khoom siv ua suab ntawm lub mixer thiab lub zog amplifier, xws li equalizers, feedback suppressors, compressors, exciters, frequency dividers, thiab Sound distributor.

Cov zaus sib npaug thiab cov lus teb suppressor siv los tswj cov suab tawm tswv yim, ua rau cov suab tsis zoo, thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub suab meej. Lub compressor siv los xyuas kom meej tias lub zog amplifier yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev thauj khoom ntau dhau lossis kev cuam tshuam thaum ntsib lub ncov loj ntawm lub teeb liab nkag, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub zog amplifier thiab cov neeg hais lus. Lub exciter siv los ua kom zoo nkauj rau lub suab, uas yog, los txhim kho lub suab xim, kev nkag mus, thiab stereo Sense, clarity thiab bass effect. Lub zaus faib siv los xa cov teeb liab ntawm cov zaus sib txawv mus rau lawv cov zog amplifiers sib xws, thiab lub zog amplifiers ua kom cov teeb liab suab nrov thiab tso tawm rau cov neeg hais lus. Yog tias koj xav tsim cov kev pab cuam zoo nkauj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog dua los siv 3-segment electronic crossover hauv kev tsim lub suab txhawb zog.

Muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv kev teeb tsa lub tshuab suab. Kev xav tsis zoo txog qhov chaw txuas thiab qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov khoom siv peripheral ua rau cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm txaus, thiab txawm tias cov khoom siv kuj raug hlawv. Kev txuas ntawm cov khoom siv peripheral feem ntau yuav tsum tau kev txiav txim: lub equalizer nyob tom qab lub mixer; thiab lub feedback suppressor yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso ua ntej lub equalizer. Yog tias lub feedback suppressor muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub equalizer, nws nyuaj rau tshem tawm tag nrho cov acoustic feedback, uas tsis zoo rau kev kho Feedback suppressor; lub compressor yuav tsum muab tso tom qab lub equalizer thiab lub feedback suppressor, vim tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub compressor yog los tswj cov teeb liab ntau dhau thiab tiv thaiv lub zog amplifier thiab cov neeg hais lus; lub exciter txuas rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub zog amplifier; Lub crossover hluav taws xob txuas ua ntej lub zog amplifier raws li qhov xav tau.

Yuav kom cov kev pab cuam kaw tseg tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, cov txheej txheem compressor yuav tsum tau kho kom haum. Thaum lub compressor nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev compressed, nws yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub suab, yog li sim zam lub compressor hauv lub xeev compressed ntev. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txuas lub compressor hauv lub channel nthuav dav tseem ceeb yog tias cov khoom siv peripheral tom qab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa lub teeb liab ntau li ntau tau, txwv tsis pub lub compressor tsis tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv txhua. Qhov no yog vim li cas lub equalizer yuav tsum nyob ua ntej lub tswv yim suppressor, thiab lub compressor nyob tom qab lub tswv yim suppressor.

Tus exciter siv cov xwm txheej psychoacoustic tib neeg los tsim cov khoom sib haum xeeb siab raws li qhov zaus tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev nthuav dav qis-zaus tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw qis-zaus nplua nuj thiab txhim kho lub suab ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, lub suab teeb liab tsim los ntawm tus exciter muaj qhov zaus dav heev. Yog tias qhov zaus ntawm lub compressor dav heev, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau tus exciter txuas ua ntej lub compressor.

Lub tshuab faib zaus hluav taws xob txuas nrog rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub zog amplifier raws li qhov xav tau los them rau qhov tsis zoo los ntawm ib puag ncig thiab qhov teb zaus ntawm cov suab sib txawv ntawm cov kev pab cuam suab; qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog tias kev sib txuas thiab kev debugging yog qhov teeb meem thiab yooj yim ua rau muaj xwm txheej. Tam sim no, cov txheej txheem suab digital tau tshwm sim, uas koom ua ke cov haujlwm saum toj no, thiab tuaj yeem ntse, yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, thiab ua tau zoo dua.

4. Lub zog txhawb nqa suab

Lub kaw lus txhawb nqa suab yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tseeb tias nws yuav tsum ua tau raws li lub zog suab thiab lub suab sib xws; kev ncua kom raug ntawm cov neeg hais lus nyob tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa suab, txo qhov poob suab thiab kev tawm tswv yim acoustic; tag nrho lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub kaw lus txhawb nqa suab yuav tsum tau tseg rau 30% -50% ntawm lub zog khaws cia; siv cov mloog pob ntseg wireless saib xyuas.

5. Kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev

Yuav tsum xav txog qhov sib phim impedance thiab qib sib phim hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov sib npaug thiab qhov tsis sib npaug yog piv rau qhov chaw siv. Tus nqi tsis kam (Impedance value) ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub teeb liab mus rau hauv av yog sib npaug, thiab polarity yog qhov sib txawv, uas yog qhov nkag lossis tso zis sib npaug. Txij li thaum cov teeb liab cuam tshuam tau txais los ntawm ob lub davhlau ya nyob twg sib npaug muaj tib tus nqi thiab tib polarity, cov teeb liab cuam tshuam tuaj yeem tshem tawm ib leeg ntawm qhov thauj khoom ntawm kev sib kis sib npaug. Yog li ntawd, lub voj voog sib npaug muaj kev tswj hwm hom zoo dua thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Feem ntau cov khoom siv suab tshaj lij siv kev sib txuas sib npaug.

Kev sib txuas ntawm lub tshuab hais lus yuav tsum siv ntau pawg ntawm cov xov hlau luv luv los txo qhov tsis kam ntawm kab. Vim tias qhov tsis kam ntawm kab thiab qhov tsis kam ntawm lub zog amplifier yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov qis zaus Q tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab hais lus, cov yam ntxwv transient ntawm qhov qis zaus yuav phem dua, thiab kab kis yuav tsim kev cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm xa cov teeb liab suab. Vim yog lub peev xwm faib tawm thiab kev faib tawm inductance ntawm kab kis, ob qho tib si muaj qee yam ntxwv zaus. Vim tias lub teeb liab yog tsim los ntawm ntau qhov zaus, thaum ib pawg ntawm cov teeb liab suab uas tsim los ntawm ntau qhov zaus hla dhau kab kis, qhov qeeb thiab attenuation los ntawm cov zaus sib txawv yog txawv, ua rau muaj qhov hu ua amplitude distortion thiab theem distortion. Feem ntau hais lus, distortion yeej ib txwm muaj. Raws li qhov xwm txheej theoretical ntawm kab kis, qhov tsis muaj kev poob ntawm R = G = 0 yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab qhov tsis muaj kev poob kiag li kuj tsis yooj yim sua. Yog tias muaj kev poob tsawg, qhov xwm txheej rau kev xa cov teeb liab yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yog L / R = C / G, thiab kab kis sib xws tiag tiag yeej ib txwm yog L / R

6. Kev kho qhov system

Ua ntej kho, ua ntej teeb tsa qhov nkhaus theem ntawm lub kaw lus kom qib teeb liab ntawm txhua qib nyob hauv qhov ntau ntawm lub cuab yeej, thiab yuav tsis muaj kev txiav tsis yog kab vim qib teeb liab siab dhau, lossis qib teeb liab qis dhau los ua rau muaj kev sib piv teeb liab-rau-suab nrov Tsis zoo, thaum teeb tsa qhov nkhaus theem ntawm lub kaw lus, qhov nkhaus theem ntawm lub tshuab sib tov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tom qab teeb tsa qib, tus yam ntxwv zaus ntawm lub kaw lus tuaj yeem debugged.

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob-acoustic niaj hnub uas zoo dua feem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv zaus tiaj tus heev ntawm 20Hz-20KHz. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev sib txuas ntau theem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg hais lus, lawv yuav tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv zaus tiaj tus heev. Txoj kev kho kom raug dua yog txoj kev ntsuas suab paj nruag liab-spectrum. Cov txheej txheem kho ntawm txoj kev no yog nkag mus rau hauv lub suab paj nruag liab rau hauv lub kaw lus suab, rov ua dua los ntawm tus neeg hais lus, thiab siv lub microphone sim kom khaws lub suab ntawm qhov chaw mloog zoo tshaj plaws hauv chav. Lub microphone sim txuas nrog lub spectrum analyzer, lub spectrum analyzer tuaj yeem tso saib cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab hauv chav, thiab tom qab ntawd kho lub equalizer raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas spectrum kom ua rau tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov siab-zaus tiaj tus. Tom qab kev kho, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas cov waveforms ntawm txhua theem nrog oscilloscope kom pom tias qee qib muaj kev cuam tshuam clipping los ntawm kev kho loj ntawm lub equalizer.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau: lub zog fais fab yuav tsum ruaj khov; lub plhaub ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej yuav tsum tau grounded zoo kom tiv thaiv hum; lub teeb liab nkag thiab tso zis yuav tsum sib npaug; tiv thaiv cov xov hlau xoob thiab vuam tsis xwm yeem.